Smoking cessation treatments include behavioural counselling, prescription drugs, nicotine replacement therapy, and medical or support group help [156]
doi: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2017.121 88 ZavrosY.KaoJ
In addition, emerging meta-analytic data highlights the importance of occupational exposures in prostate cancer risk A comprehensive meta-analysis by Krstev and Knutsson (2019) reviewed 168 studies and found significantly increased risks associated with occupational exposure to pesticides (metaRR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.011.32), organochlorine pesticides (metaRR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.031.14), chromium (metaRR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.071.34), and shift work (metaRR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.051.49) [129]
The disease burden due to these cancers lags several decades behind the risk exposure
However, a national outbreak in 2019 of electronic-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) that led to 2,807 hospitalizations and 68 deaths as of February 20201 suggests that while the harms may be different, they can be no less deadly